What were the causes and effects of Pearl Harbor - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1327 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/06/17 Category History Essay Type Cause and effect essay Level High school Tags: Pearl Harbor Essay Did you like this example? The attack on Pearl Harbor happened on December 7, 1941, when the president of the United States, President Roosevelt decided to move the U.S navy fleet to Hawaii from California as a move to threaten Japan. The reason why Japan was trying to expand over the Pacific ocean was since they lacked natural resources like oil, minerals and steel. The United States, noticing Japans aggression, decided to move further west towards the Pacific Ocean, cutting off all businesses between the US and Japan leaving their assets frozen in place. With Japan deciding how to address this problem, still isolated from the United States, they believed that a war was inevitable, so they decided to attack first. Even though Japan managed to take the lives of many Americans and destroy many ships and airplanes the attack was still deemed as a failure. The reason that it was considered a failed attack is because there was no benefit from the attack. Japan was not able to expand further through the Pacific ocean, and they did not get any more resources that they were desperate for and they still did not have any communication with the United States. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What were the causes and effects of Pearl Harbor?" essay for you Create order There are deeper reasons as to why the attack happened and how all the technicalities worked. For many years before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan was invading many countries in order to try expand. The first issue with Japans neighbors came when Japan invaded China in 1895 and when they invaded Russia in 1904. The second war between China and Japan began in 1937 due to the incident at the Marco Polo Bridge where there was a battle between Chinas Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army. That is what ended up sparking the conflict and drawing a red flag for everyone else who was watching Japans actions. In 1933, Japan decided on withdrawing from the league of nations due to being condemned by other countries for wanting to expand their country. Since there was much war going on at this time in the world, Japan used the war going on in Europe with Hitler as a diversion plan to avoid the attention as they continued to expand and dominate the far east side. The United State s was a neutral power for most of the war, and they decided they were going to stay that way unless Japan decided to attack the Philippines. They were supplying their allies with supplies, needed to survive the war at first, until they felt the threat getting closer and more pointed towards them which is when they started to prepare for war. The negotiations between the United States and Japan started in 1941 in order to try and improve relations between the countries. After discussing alternate options, Japan decided to withdraw from most of China and Indochina after coming to peace terms with the Chinese. After multiple meeting and negotiations between the United States and Japan could not agree due to a few reasons. Japan was an ally of Germany and Fascist Italy at the time of these negotiations. They were also still trying to gain control of southeast Asia at the time. Japan was trying to do as much as possible to gain power as quick as they could before getting into any more tr ouble. Japans plan for attack consisted of breaking off the peace treaty and all the negotiations that they had with the United States thirty minutes before they decided to attack. People who were in office in Japan sent a long 14 page encrypted message to Washington which takes a while to deliver due to the fact that they must take apart the message and decode it since it was encrypted. This is a key example of the lack of communication between the two countries because they knew that the message would take too long to deliver and before they were evenableto review the message Japan already started their attack on The United States. This is when people who were in relations with the United States claimed that Japan was lying due to the fact that when the message was decrypted it was filled with a ton of lies. Later though after the war Japan admitted to not even making a Declaration of war until they already heard that the attack on The United States was successful. After the attack on Ame rica the Prime Minister of Japan realized that after about two years they would be running out of oil and they needed to find a new source so they tried to have discussions with America about oil but President Roosevelt replied that they must evade from China before even having any relations with them. Japan realized that they did not have much of a chance winning a war against The United States due to how unsuccessful they were when invading China. Even though they did not want to go to war with The United States they argued that not doing anything could affect them the same way losing a war would and it would disappoint everyone in their country. Japan decides to start creating a war plan to take action against the United States. They brought up the ideas in a conference November 3rd, 1941 and the plan was approved just a few days after on November 5th. If they were able to get legal documentation on their plan of attack they were aiming to attack around december which was about o ne more after they created their war plans. Following the weeks after they decided to attack they offered The United States one more chance to to give them aid but The United States rejected their offer and even countered it by demanding along with leaving from Indochina they would also have to leave China, followed by a request to agree to an open door policy in the far east. War against the United States was official as of December first where shortly after they all gathered again to discuss the surprise attack on the United States Pacific fleet which was located at the main base in Hawaii. In preparation for their attack Japan decided to start intelligence gathering which consisted of them putting spies in Hawaii and receiving help from some of their allies which lived in Hawaii to gather information the United States military. They were able to gain a lot of information about the harbor from a specific spy named Tadashi Morimura. He posed as a tourist in Hawaii and would frequen tly visit the harbor and gather information such as how many ships were docked, how many guards, soldiers, Hangars and barracks. He was also able to get a very detailed sketch of the Harbor and figured out the days when the most ships were docked at the harbor. He delivered the information back to Japan with yet again another encrypted message. Japan had a really in depth plan about what they were going to do about the United States Navy. They thought about how many ships, the distance Hawaii is from the mainland of the United States, and the perfect time to attack. Japans arsenal for attack was very strong at the time. It consisted of 359 airplanes, two fast battleships, two heavy cruisers, one light cruiser, nine destroyers, and three fleet submarines. After the attack on Pearl Harbor happened both countries knew that they would be going to war. The lack of communication between the two blew the whole situation out of proportion causing them to never be able to come to an agreement and they ended up having to go to war. Japan was in search for another source of supplies that they never ended up getting from the United States. The United States were just trying to protect their allies which led them to having to fight Japan. This is why communication is so important, if only they were able to find a solution by communicating then we would have never had gone to war with them and lost so many lives.

Moral Relativism And The Ethical Dilemma - 1615 Words

Introduction When I first looked at the instructions for this assignment the ethical dilemma I wanted to talk about came immediately to mind. It was a decision I made more than fifteen years ago but I still remember it and had never thought of it in terms of ethics before. When I started this unit and began looking at situations from that perspective I became more intrigued and wondered if any of the readings could help me understand why I came to the decision I did . I once made the decision to engage in a behaviour deviant to the norm of my society, deciding that the â€Å"correct† action to take was to steal from one of my teachers. When I started reading about moral relativism and realised that this might be a way to explain how a â€Å"wrong† choice can sometimes be a â€Å"right† one, or at least to the person acting on it. Moral Relativism â€Å"The view that moral judgements are true or false only relative to some particular standpoint†¦and that no standpoint is uniquely privileged over all others†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Westacott, date unknown) The foundations of the concept of moral relativism were first expressed in 5th Century Greece; prior to this the idea of morals could be easily summed up as the following by Westacott: â€Å"In the view of most people throughout history, moral questions have objectively correct answers†¦cowardice is a bad quality†¦heroes deserve respect†¦Ã¢â‚¬  However, a few intellectuals of the era began to contemplate the idea that this might not be as straightforward as previouslyShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of Ethical Relativism Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to moral dilemmas between cultures, there is a grey area that can sometimes make it difficult to resolve issues surrounding the dilemma. What is morality? 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GEOLOGY 170 REPORT Essay Example For Students

GEOLOGY 170 REPORT: Essay MT. ST. HELENS: Mount St. Helens is located in southwestern Washington about 50 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon. Mount St. Helen is one of several volcanic peaks that dominate the Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest. The principal part of the range extends from Mount Garibaldi in British Columbia, Canada, to Lassen Peak in northern California. It was considered one of most beautiful mountains in the Cascade Mountain Range. St. Helens was often compared to Mount Fuji in Japan because of the mountains similarity in appearance. All of that would change on May 18, 1980 when the young and quiet Mt. St. Helens decided to become an active volcano and cause the worst natural disaster in the history of the U.S. The eruption was triggered by a massive mudslide on the side of the mountain. All the material that slid away from the mountain caused a lateral blast that could be heard hundreds of miles away. The lateral blast only lasted a few minutes of a nine-hour eruption. After the mountain was forced open by the lateral blast the mountain erupted in full force. Mt. St. Helens ejected a cloud of ash 15 miles into the air. The ash being ejected into the atmosphere blanketed virtually the entire Northwest a blanket of ash. Towns as far away as Spokane Washington were covered in the choking ash. Day turned into night as the mountain erupted. Roads and highways at a stand still. Mt. St. Helens was creating its own weather systems. 150 square miles of forest and recreation area were destroyed in minutes. Hot pyroclastic clouds of ash burnt everything in sight. Trees knocked down because of the massive blast the mountain released. Mudflows wiped out entire river systems and lakes in the Mt. St. Helen area. The Columbia River, which borders the states of Oregon and Washington, was affected by mudflows. The giant river is about 70 river miles from St. Helens. The shipping canal was blocked because of the mudflows and needed to be dredged for passage. That May 18 day will be remembered forever because of the power that Mother Nature displayed. As soon as the mountain erupted the National Guard was called in to try and find survivors. As soon as it was possible and clear enough to fly into the blast zone choppers were sent to see the damage that has been done. The terrain, which at one time was green, was now gray and burnt. The smell of sulfur was in the air. A total of 60 people were dead or missing after the eruption. There was a large rescue effort that saved many lives but many lives were lost instantly. Scientist knew that the eruption was probably going to come because of earthquakes on and around St. Helens. But the large mudslide sped up the process dramatically. After all was said and done to Mt. St. Helens lost roughly one cubic mile of material from its summit. The mountain lost 1,300 feet of its crown during the eruption. The once cone shaped mountain now resembled a horseshoe. The eruption made all of the newspapers in the world. In that time Mt. St. Helens was the center of the worlds attention. Twenty years after the eruption of Mt. St. Helens the question that most people ask is whether or not this kind of catastrophe will happen again in the future. The study of volcanoes has come leaps and bounds since 1980. Trying to predict when and where an eruption may occur is much more affective now. Mt. St. Helens has roughly nine eruptions in the past 50,000 years. .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 , .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 .postImageUrl , .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 , .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32:hover , .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32:visited , .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32:active { border:0!important; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32:active , .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32 .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u583f1a54802b8dcf2dd00061e8a4cf32:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Discovery Of The New World And The Columbian Exchange Essay Thats not counting the activity in 1980. The most recent and best known of the pre-1980 eruptive periods began with a major explosive eruption in 1800 AD. For the next 57 years, intermittent relatively small explosive eruptions, lava flows, and the extrusion of lava dome followed this event. Assuming that Mount St. Helens behaves as it did in the 19th century, the present activity could continue intermittently for years, possibly decades. Such activity could include the outpouring of lava flows (not observed to date), as well as some dome growth and small explosive activity. The chance of another catastrophic landslide .

Motivating Employees free essay sample

Introduction There was a point in time when employees were not valued by their managers or the company. Employees were perceived as just a small factor in the equation to produce goods and services. Elton Mayo led a study from 1924 to 1932 that was referred to as Hawthorne Studies, and the research that was attained changed the way employees were viewed (Lindner, 1998). Since an employee’s attitude has a direct effect on their performance, employees went from being viewed as something of minimal importance to a top priority (Lindner, 1998). Motivation has a major influence on an employee’s attitude; therefore, also influences their performance. â€Å"Success largely depends on empowering employees as they take larger roles in shaping the firm’s culture† (Kauffman, 2010, p. 8). The performance of the employees can determine if the company survives or fails. It is essential to have motivation within the workplace because motivated employees are much more productive and efficient. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivating Employees or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Creating an environment where employees feel motivated will in turn increase the chances of survival for the company. Motivation Often times, motivation is mistaken as a way for managers to manipulate employees into better performance, but motivation is much more than manipulation. Longnecker (2011) states â€Å"Motivation is not simply a means to get people to organizational goals; rather, it is a means to get people to buy in and take ownership of the organization’s needs as well as their own† (p. 7). Employees that buy into the success of the business will feel a sense of ownership and will be inspired to take pride in their work. Strategies for Motivating Employees There are several ways a manager can influence an employee’s level of motivation: employee involvement, providing performance expectations, providing feedback, implementing professional development, employee recognition, and giving incentives. Employee Involvement Employee involvement has a major impact on the level of motivation within the workplace. When employees feel involved, they tend to be more supportive of their superiors’ decisions. For example, a company has a new team leader position opening and they plan on recruiting from within. If the manager asks the employees for their thoughts on what qualities and credentials the person selected for the position should possess and who they would prefer to hold the leadership position, then when the person is selected the staff will be more likely to support the decision (Bolster, 2007). The employees will feel as though they were part of the decision making process When managers involve the workers in moving the organization forward, it stimulates commitment from the employees. Employers who listen to their employees promote feelings of involvement. Employees will realize that their opinion and thoughts matter, which will make them feel valued. Giving employees the opportunity to be involved will send a message that, â€Å"we’re in this together† and this will also encourage employees to take ownership in the company’s needs. This will encourage employees to generate ideas that will benefit the company (Kauffman, 2010). Providing Performance Expectations Delegating specific jobs to specific individuals will help employees have a clear understanding of what is expected of them. Knowing the employees will help in the delegation process, because the tasks can then be assigned based the individual’s strengths and weaknesses. When an employee knows they are being held accountable for a designated assignment, they will feel responsible for the outcome and be motivated to do a good job and successfully accomplish the task. Providing Feedback Sadri and Seto (2011) propose that research shows that giving no feedback is always detrimental. Considering that the performance of the employees play a crucial role in the success of a business, it is imperative to provide them with feedback. Feedback is another form of motivation; feedback decreases a doubtful mindset. When an employee is constantly being given feedback, they know what areas they are doing great in and what areas need improvement. Feedback can be positive or negative. If negative feedback it given, it should be constructive. Coaching is also involved in feedback. Managers should offer suggestions on how the employee could improve their performance. Feedback should be delivered immediately, so the employee can implement it into their daily work. Feedback becomes less meaningful after the fact (Emmerich, 2001). Implementing Professional Development Professional Development plays a large role in the level of motivation amongst employees. When employees feel valued enough for the company to invest in them by providing them with an opportunity to engage in professional development, they are more likely to be dedicated to their job. Gaining knowledge that employees can apply to their job will build their self-confidence. Employees who are confident in what they are doing are more motivated to take on additional responsibilities and duties than an employee who lacks knowledge about their job. Professional Development is a great way to maximize an employee’s potential. When an employee develops new talents and skills and has expands their knowledge, they view themselves as a key element to the company (Longnecker, 2011). Employees who view themselves as an essential part of the company are motivated to do their best because they feel as though the company is depending on them; they know they have the ability to make a difference. It is also necessary to educate the workers on how their performance affects the organization as a whole; this will ensure the employee understands how significant their position is to the success of the company. Employee Recognition Often times, managers focus more on harping on what their employees are doing wrong, and they forget to recognize their employees for their accomplishments. Practicing employee recognition can create an optimistic atmosphere as well as boost the morale within the workplace. Recognizing employees for their performance will make it obvious that their work performance is a direct link to the company’s success, thus the workers will take ownership for the organization’s needs (Longnecker, 2011). Recognizing employees will also give the workers a goal to work towards, such as, striving to become employee of the month. In order to be recognized as employee of the month, the employee must be productive and proficient, go the extra mile, give effort in all they do, and be knowledgeable about their job; this requires a motivated individual. Another type of recognition is allowing coworkers to vote for who will be recognized for being congenial and working well with others. Using employee recognition can motivate people in a variety of ways. While employee of the month motivates employees to be efficient workers, allowing employees to be chosen by their coworkers will motivate them to be friendly and considerate. Unfortunately, many managers associate employee recognition as a cost to the company, which drives managers away from the idea of recognizing employees. Although, there are ways to recognize employees in a costly manner, for instance, having a pizza luncheon, there are also ways to do so at no cost. It’s important to be creative and recognize employees in ways that aren’t an expense to the company. A simple note or even a pat on the back is a way say thank you and show appreciation to a worker. Giving Incentives Different incentives motivate different people. Incentives may include money, promotions, flexible schedules, or education opportunities. Some people value monetary rewards and would be motivated by a bonus, while other people value time with their family and would be motivated by a flexible schedule. There are also individuals who are career oriented, so those people would be motivated by promotions and having the opportunity to advance to higher positions. Education opportunities are also a way to increase an employee’s motivation level. Education is expensive, but very valuable to both the employee and the company. Although incentives cost the company money, it pays off by having motivated employees who work hard and strive to make the company successful (Longenecker, 2011). Establishing Relationships It is essential to build a working relationship with each employee and develop trust. By doing so, each individual’s strengths and weaknesses can be determined. Not every person is motivated by the same thing, so it is important to know each individual. It’s important for a manager to identify what motivates each employee the most. Once the manager learns how each individual is motivated, he can decide which approach to take that would best suit that specific employee. Conclusion Motivated employees that buy into the success of a company are an essential factor to an organization, because it increases productivity and morale and can determine the success of a business. Unmotivated employees are detrimental to a company; therefore, managers must make motivating their workers a priority. Managers are able to significantly impact employees’ levels of motivation in multiple ways and inspire the workers to take ownership of the organization’s needs. Understanding which strategy best motivates each individual is the key to being successful at creating an inner drive within the employees to go above and beyond.